重庆高教研究

当前我国正面临摆脱全球价值链中低端锁定向高附加值活动升级的困境。高等教育培育的高素质人才是价值链提升的核心要素，实现人才链、创新链、产业链和价值链的协同统一，不仅是高等教育内涵式发展的核心内容，也是教育服务经济社会发展的根本要求。在对高等教育赋能城市全球价值链升级的理论分析基础上，基于2004—2023年中国264个城市的数据，实证检验城市高等教育对城市全球价值链升级的影响。研究发现：第一，城市高等教育发展显著促进了城市全球价值链升级，且结果具有稳健性。第二，城市高等教育对全球价值链升级的影响存在显著的异质性，具体而言，这一促进作用在东部城市更为显著，直辖市高于省会城市和普通地级市。第三，城市高等教育主要通过促进城市产业结构高级化和提升城市劳动生产率进而促进城市全球价值链升级。第四，城市高等教育发展对全球价值链升级存在显著的空间溢出效应，且间接效应大于直接效应。第五，动态效应分析表明，随着大规模人才引进政策的实施，高等教育发展对城市全球价值链升级的促进效应相对减弱。在城市发展过程中，应高度重视高等教育对城市全球价值链升级的重要推动作用。西部地区应加强本土人才培养，并出台系列配套措施以留住人才在当地发展。距离高等教育发展高地较近的中小城市，应充分利用高等教育对全球价值链升级的空间溢出效应。在发展高等教育的过程中，城市应兼顾本土人才培养与外地优质高等教育人才的引进，实现协同发展。

At present, China is facing the dilemma of getting rid of the low-end lock in the global value chain and upgrading to high value-added activities. High-quality talents cultivated by higher education are the core elements of value chain upgrading, and realizing the synergy and unity of the talent chain, innovation chain, industrial chain and value chain is not only the core content of the connotative development of higher education, but also the fundamental requirement for education to serve economic and social development. Based on the theoretical analysis of higher education empowering the upgrading of urban global value chains, this study empirically examines the impact of urban higher education on the upgrading of urban global value chains based on data from 264 Chinese cities from 2004 to 2023. The study finds that, first, urban higher education development significantly promotes urban global value chain upgrading, and the results are robust. Second, there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of urban higher education on the upgrading of GVCs, specifically, this facilitating effect is more significant in eastern cities, with municipalities being higher than provincial capitals and higher than ordinary prefecture-level cities. Third, urban higher education promotes the upgrading of urban GVCs mainly through promoting the upgrading of urban industrial structure and enhancing urban labor productivity. Fourth, the development of urban higher education has significant spatial spillover effects on the upgrading of GVCs, and the indirect effect is greater than the direct effect. Fifth, the analysis of dynamic effects shows that with the implementation of large-scale talent introduction policies, the promotion effect of higher education development on the upgrading of urban GVCs is relatively weaker. Therefore, in the process of urban development, great importance should be attached to the important role of higher education in promoting the upgrading of urban global value chains. Western regions should strengthen the cultivation of local talents and introduce a series of supporting measures to retain talents in local development. Small and medium-sized cities that are close to the highlands of higher education development should make full use of the spatial spillover effect of higher education on the upgrading of global value chains. In the process of developing higher education, cities should take into account the training of local talents and the introduction of foreign high-quality higher education talents in order to achieve synergistic development.