重庆高教研究

在社会科学研究领域，“文献研究”虽已作为一种基础性研究方法被学术界广泛应用，但其方法论内涵仍缺乏明确的理论界定与范式建构。当前学术共同体尚未就其学理正当性达成共识，相关方法论争辩持续引发跨学科学者的深度关注与批判性对话，这一现象折射出有关文献研究方法论体系的复杂性与动态演进特征。现有批判多从研究范式和文献综述的角度，否认文献研究作为一种方法的合理性，进而从建构性视角提出“研究整合法”,并将其视为一种文献综述的可行方案。然而，这类判断及其论证缺乏对文献内涵的一致性理解，将文献研究等同于文献综述，以外在的研究范式作为评判标准，从而得出文献研究不能称其为方法的结论，这在逻辑上不免失之偏颇。基于此，有必要回归文献研究的基本立场，从中英文语境中溯源文献的内涵及其表达，客观分析文献在学术研究中的角色差异，在回应文献综述与文献研究认识误区的基础上，用文献研究来指称一切基于文献的系统化研究实践，进而从研究方法体系入手来探讨文献研究的方法论基础、研究范式归属、研究方式定位及具体研究方法与技术。研究表明，文献研究指涉的内容明显超越具体研究方法的操作性规范，具有非介入性、无反应性和便捷性等研究特点，其独特的研究理念、价值取向和复杂的表现形式决定了研究方式的定位合理性。在研究实践中，文献研究的有效实施需要辅之以文献研究设计、文献评估支持和文献分析过程3个关键环节的立体化支持。

Although “document research” has been widely used in academia as a basic research method from the perspective of social science research, its methodological connotation still lacks clear theoretical definition and paradigm construction. At present, the academic community has not reached a consensus on the legitimacy of its theory, and the relevant methodological debates continue to arouse the deep attention and critical dialogue of interdisciplinary scholars, which reflects the complexity and dynamic evolution characteristics of the methodological system of “document research”. Existing studies have denied the rationality of “document research” as a method from the perspective of research paradigm and literature review, and then proposed the “research synthesis methods” from a constructive perspective, which is regarded as a feasible solution for literature review. However, from a logical point of view, the relevant judgment and its argument lack a consistent understanding of the connotation of “literature”, equating “document research” with “literature review”, and including the research paradigm in the judgment criteria, so as to judge that “document research” is not valid, which seems biased. Based on this, it is necessary to scientifically and clearly understand the basic position of “document research”, trace the connotation and expression of “WENXIAN(meaning literature)” from the Chinese and English contexts, objectively analyze the differences in the role of document in academic research, and use “document research” to refer to document-based research practice on the basis of responding to the misunderstanding of literature review and document research, and then discuss the methodology, research paradigms, research modalities, methods and technologies of document research from the methodological system. The research shows that the content of document research obviously exceeds the operational norms of specific research methods, and has the characteristics of non-intervention, non-reactivity and convenience. In research practice, the effective implementation of literature research needs to be supplemented by document research design, document evaluation support, and three-dimensional support for three key links of the document analysis process.