重庆高教研究

通过对高水平大学退学学生、退学警告学生等具有濒临退学经历学生的深度访谈，以及在知乎平台退学相关话题下的网络田野调查发现，曾经助推底层子弟取得高学业成就、实现教育突围的底层文化资本，在部分高水平大学本科生群体中正面临解释失灵的困境。底层子弟面临的退学危机并非单一力量作用的结果，而是内在动力桎梏、代际互动冲突以及教育支持错位等结构性力量综合作用的结果。这虽然反映底层文化资本在嵌入精英大学文化场域过程中出现了一定程度的“水土不服”,但并不意味着底层文化资本的“失败”,这种现象更像是当底层子弟所处的现实境遇超出其底层文化资本限度时呈现的必然结果。就底层子弟而言，适度运用自身的底层文化资本，主动补充其他优势群体拥有的文化资本，有助于他们应对未知的挑战。

Through in-depth interviews with students experiencing academic attrition—including those who have withdrawn or received academic warnings—at high-level universities, coupled with digital ethnography of dropout-related discourses on Zhihu platform, this study reveals that the underlying cultural capital, which once empowered disadvantaged youths to achieve academic success and educational advancement, now demonstrates explanatory deficits among certain undergraduates within these elite institutional contexts. The dropout crisis confronting disadvantaged students is not the result of a singular force, but rather stems from the confluence of structural factors—including constrained intrinsic motivation, intergenerational interaction conflicts, and misaligned educational support systems. While this reflects a degree of structural incompatibility as underlying cultural capital embeds within elite university settings, it does not signify the “failure” of such capital. Rather, this phenomenon manifests when the lived realities of disadvantaged students exceed the threshold capacity of their inherited cultural resources. For students from disadvantaged backgrounds, strategically leveraging their own underlying cultural capital while proactively acquiring complementary cultural capital possessed by dominant groups can empower them to navigate novel challenges.